Compare British Indian Ocean Territory (2002) - Brunei (2003)

Compare British Indian Ocean Territory (2002) z Brunei (2003)

	British Indian Ocean Territory (2002)	Brunei (2003)

Administrative divisions	-	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 29.6% (male 54,118; female 51,902) 15-64 years: 67.6% (male 128,421; female 113,480) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,804; female 5,373) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports	1 (2001)	2 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Delaware
Background	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order which had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.	The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world.
Birth rate	-	19.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)
Capital	-	Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds	tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline	698 km	161 km
Constitution	-	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT	conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei
Currency	-	Bruneian dollar (BND)
Death rate	-	3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	-	$0
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Anak Dato Haji PUTEH chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
Disputes - international	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain	Involved in dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct"
Economic aid - recipient	-	$4.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.	This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	2.322 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military	2.497 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues	NA	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates	-	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.72 (2000), 1.69 (1999), 1.67 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Alan HUCKLE (since 2001); Administrator Louise SAVILL (since NA); note - both reside in the UK cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports	-	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners	-	Japan 40.3%, South Korea 12.3%, Thailand 12.1%, Australia 9.2%, US 8.1%, China 6.4%, Singapore 5.7% (2002)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	6 00 S, 71 30 E	4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note	archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports	-	3 (2002)
Highways	total: NA km paved: short stretch of paved road of NA km between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km	total: 2,525 km paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports	-	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners	-	Singapore 30.6%, Japan 21.5%, Malaysia 17.4%, UK 6.1%, Hong Kong 4% (2002)
Independence	-	1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	5% (2002 est.)
Industries	-	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 13.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	-2% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	-	APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force	-	143,400 note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Land use	arable land: NEGL permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.)
Languages	-	Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch) elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 74.3 years male: 71.9 years female: 76.82 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.8% male: 94.8% female: 88.5% (2003 est.)
Location	Southern Asia, archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references	Political Map of the World	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 8 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: UK 7 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016	-
Military branches	-	Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$329.7 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	5% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 110,888 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 63,966 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 3,277 (2003 est.)
National holiday	-	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality	-	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian
Natural hazards	NA	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
Natural resources	coconuts, fish, sugarcane	petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate	-	3.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders	-	Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; note - the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985 but became largely inactive after 1988; it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles around the time of the construction of UK-US military facilities; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2002 est.)	358,098 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	2% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Diego Garcia	Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	NA	-
Railways	-	total: 13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.)
Religions	-	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	-	none
Telephone system	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)	general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	79,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	43,524 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	2 (1997)
Terrain	flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate	-	2.37 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	10% (2001 est.)
Waterways	none	209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m

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